1, the surface effects of nanomaterials

Nanomaterials surface effect is the change ratio of the surface atoms of the nature of the nanoparticles and the total number of atoms in the particle size becomes smaller with the increase caused by the rapid on.

When the particle size down to 1nm, the proportion of surface atoms reaches about 90%, almost all concentrated to the surface atoms of nanoparticles.

Since the increase in the number of surface atoms of the nanoparticles, with the surface atoms of less than the median, and high surface energy, so that these atoms in combination with other atoms is easy to be stabilized, it has a high chemical activity.

2 volume effect of nanomaterials

Since the volume of small nanoparticles, the number of atoms contained few small corresponding quality.Therefore, there are usually many phenomena can not be used an unlimited number of properties of bulk material atoms are described, This phenomenon is usually called the volume effect.Which famous Kubo theory is a typical example of the volume effect.Kubo theory for metal nanoparticles near the Fermi surface state electron energy distribution and proposed.

3, the quantum size effect of nanomaterials

When the size of nanoparticles down to a certain value, the metal particles from the electron energy costs near the rice into a quasi-continuous discrete energy levels;

And nano-sized semiconductor particles are not continuous is the highest occupied molecular orbital energy level of molecular orbital energy level and the lowest unoccupied, so that the energy gap wider phenomenon, It is called the quantum size effect of nanomaterials.

Because nanoparticles refinement, 
A substantial increase in the number of grain boundaries, the strength of the material, greatly improved toughness and superplasticity.

The structure particles of light, mechanical stress and electrical response microns or millimeters completely different structure particles, making nanomaterials show many wonderful features at the macro.

For example: the same intensity nano-five times higher than ordinary copper; nano-ceramics is wrestling is not broken, which is composed of large particles of ordinary ceramic completely different.

Nanomaterials changed the structure of the material fundamentally 
Obtained such as high strength metal and alloys, plastic ceramics, intermetallic compounds, and specific properties of a new generation of atomic-scale composite materials, 
To overcome the materials science field of long-term unresolved problems to develop a new way.